Improvement in petroleum-stove



UNITED STATES CHARLES B. LOVELE'SS, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN PETROLEUM-STOVE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 42,007, dated March 22,1864.

To ztZZ whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I, CHARLES B. LovELEss,

of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, and

in the State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Vapor- Stoves; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description thereof reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference thereonmarked.

In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical section. Fig. 2 is a sideelevation. Fig. 3-is a plan of the bottom of stove. Fig. 4 is a'sectionshowing the double air-mixing chamber. Fig. 5 is an enlarged viewshowing the valve for regulating the flow of the gas or vapor.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willdescribe its-construction and operation.

The nature of my invention consists in such an improvedconstruction ofvapor-stoves designed to use the vapor generated from naphtha, coal-oil,petroleum, or other fluid as to enable me to produce an apparatus safer,cheaper, more simple and effective, and more easily kept in order thanin any other apparatus heretofore known, as will hereinafter appear.

A is the cast-iron tablet or stove-base, provided with a suitable numberof legs, so as to raise itsome twelve or fifteen inches above the floor,the diameter of this circular disk being aboutsixteen inches. Around theouter edge of this plate are escape-holes a, through which the spentheat and products of combustion escape after performing their function.It will be understood that the vapor works under the pressure of a head,and that the tendency of the heated air is to rise. As it rises it comesinto contact with the culinary vessel, becomes partially cooled, and isforced out of the way by a new supply of heated air, and

' falls down and escapes through holes a, under the bottom of thestove-plate A.

B is a sheet metal deflector, formed in a semispherical form,and restingupon the stoveplate A just within the line of escape-holes. There is anopening of suitable size in the top of this deflector. The object ofthis partition or deflector is to form a hot-air chamber, 1, above thebase-plate and immediately around the aero-burner and under the culinaryvessel, and also to form a contracted passage between E, and rests uponthe perforated plate.

its outer surface and the outer casing or top for the escape of theproducts of combustion.

C is the outer casing or stove-top, of castiron, of a general form,somewhat semispherical, and made was to fit downover and around thebase-plate A closely, so as to need no fitting or 'fastening,'being keptin place by its own gravity. There is a suitable opening in the top ofthis casing for the reception of cooking-vessels. There are alsoprovided a suitable number of plates, such as are in common use forclosing the top pot-holes of cookingstoves- Between the inside surfaceof this casing C and the outside surface of the defiector B is anescape-chamber, 2.

One of the most important features in my invention is the doubleair-mixing chamber '3, which I will now describe.

D is the outer cylinder. (See Fig. 4.)

E is the inner cylinder, which is concentrically within cylinder D, andsomewhat removed from it, leaving an annular chamber, 4, between the twocylinders D and E. These two cylinders are secured to the under side andcenter of the base-plate A by means of a supporting-cap, F, and threerods, 12, riveted to the base-plate and extending below it and throughcap F, and are provided with nuts.

G is a short cylinder,like the inner cylinder, E, about three inches indiameter, and is provided with a narrow internal rim or flange,c, at thebottom. Its top is flush with the top of the base-plate, while itsbottom extends about half an inch below the botton of the baseplate, andfits into and upon the top of the inner cylinder, E. Upon this flange 0there restsa perforated plate, H, through which the vapor passes andignites.

E is a continuation of the inner cylinder This cylinder E is about fourorfive inches high, and contains the flame produced by the ignition ofthe mixture of vapor and air, and serves to confine the greatest heatimmediately around the retort.

e are the air-holes through cylinders G and E, just below the base-plateA, and through which air heated by its passage between cylinders D and Epasses into the chamber or cylinder E, where it becomes mixed with thevapor and ignites.

I is the reservoir, of suitable size and shape, elevated above and awayfrom the heating great security.

seat K with the retort N.

apparatus, with which it is suitably connected by a long pipe, f. Ifpreferred, the reservoir may be supported upon a bracket upon the wallquite removed from the stove, so as to avoid all danger of accidents.

K is the steel valve-seat, brazed into the elbow d, whichflconnects theconduit-pipe f with the retort-pipe g. I

K is the main valve-rod, made of steel and screwing into the conicalvalve-seat K, as shown in Fig. 1. Near the bottom of this valve-seat isan opening, i, admitting the fluid from the conduit into the valveseat.At the bottom of the valve-seatis a small opening, 0, through which thefluid passes from the valve-seat into the retortpipe S. Both of theseopenings i and 0 are controlled by the single valve-rod K, so that byone valve I have a double cut-off of It will be seen that I construct myvalveseat and valve-rodof steel. This is done because the valve-rod mustnecessarily be made quite small, and experienceshowsthat no metal likebrass, as is always used, will stand the wear but for a short while. The

stem K of the valve passes up through a brass pipe whichissecured to thevalveseat by means of a cap and stuffing-box, l. The valve-rod isprovided with a hand-wheel, j, upon its upper end. By this arrangement Iam enabled to remove or repair the packing-box without removing oraltering the position of the valve-rod.

g is the retort-pipe connecting the valve- It passes under and close tothe bottom of the base-plate, and through the cylinders D, E, and G.Upon entering into cylinder G it bends up, forming an obtuse elbow, andterminates in the retort directly over the center of the perforatedplate and quite near the top of the cylinder E. Pipe 9 is provided witha proper filterer.

N is the retort, formedof a globular piece of cast brass or copper,which is brazed upon the two pipes g and h at their fork. The top ofthis retort is provided with a squareheaded screw.

h is the vapor-pipe for conveying the vapor from the retort to theburner. This pipe passes from the retort in a curve, forming a fork withpipe g down between the clyinders D and E,-near the bottom of which itis brazed to an elbow, m, which passes through the side of innercylinder, E, and terminates in the burner 0 in the center of theair-mixing chamber 3, and directly under the retort N. The burner O isregulated by means of a valve, P, (shown enlarged in Fig. 5.) A portionof the valve-rod P is filed away, as shown in drawings, so that thevapor may be permitted to escape from the burner with less turning ofthe screw than in valves as usually made.

R is an additional vapor-pipe extending one side of the stove.

"to supply a small additional stove, S.

out from the burner or from pipeha little to This pipe is providedwith'a'burner,O, and valve similar to that just described.

S is a small stove or tripod, suitably provided with perforated plateand air-mixing chambers, which is to be placed over the extra burner O,and is intended to support an .Oven or other cooking-vessel.

m is an outlet-screw in the lower and outer end of pipe 9. y is asimilar screw in top of retort; and z isanother similar screw in thelower end of the pipe N. When these outletscrews are removed, a wire canbe thrust in, so that the entire lengths of the pipes can be cleanedout.

In the operation of my invention, the reservoir is first filled with thefluid to be used, and the valve K is opened so as to permit a smallportion to percolate through the filterer in retort-pipe. I then apply ablazing gauze lighter to the retort N. The heat thus applied soonconverts the fluid in the forward end of the retort-pipe into vapor andcauses it to rise into the retort N, which is exposed to the intensestheat. At this point the vapor is more completely vaporized, and isforced to travel down through the vapor-pipe h to the burner O. Thevalve 1? is then turned so as to let the vapor escape. The vapor rushesout and up through the air-mixing chamber 3, carrying with it a volumeof atmospheric air, which becomes mixed with the vapor.

This Vapor-air then passes through the per-.

forated plate H, and takes fire from the lighter, forming a blazeentirely filling the chamber 3 within the cylinder E, and which is acontinuation of the air-mixing chamber 3. At the same time a current ofatmospheric air passes upward between the cylinders D and E in theannular heating-chamber 4. In its passage through this chamber the airbecomes much. heated and ascends and escapes through the hot-air holes 6into the chamber 3, thus furnishing a hot-air blast to the frame andgreatly adding to the intensity of the heat. The radiated heat from thechamber 3 and the direct heat fills the hot-air chamber 1, the heatmoving as indicated by arrows marked 1. As the heat strikes the bottomof the culinary vessel, or as it gets to some distance from the centralsource, it becomes colder, and is forced out of the way by hotter heat,and, with the waste products of combustion, passes out through chamber 2and escape-holes a, as show u by arrows 2.

By my improved apparatus my retort is enabled to furnish sufficient heatand vapor I am enabled to do this ,because the vapor-pipe h is kept warmby its position between the cylinders D and E, which preventcondensation, and because my new arrangement of hotblast produces adegree of heat not hitherto attained in apparatuses of a similar kind.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The use in vapor-stove of a valve-seat and valve made of steel in thepipes through which the supply of the fluid takes place, in combinationwith the supplying and vaporizing pipes, substantially as abovedescribed.

2. The retort-pipe g and vapor-pipe '71, constructed, arranged, andoperating substantially as set forth, in combination with the retort N.

3. The additional vapor-pipeR and burner O, in combination with theprotected vaporpipe h, for the purposes set forth.

4. The deflector-plate B, constructed and operating substantially asdescribed, for the purpose of forming the hot-air chamber 1, and offorming the escape-chamber 2, as specified.

5. The hot-air chamber 1, around the cylinder E, constructedsubstantially as set forth.

6. The stove-plate A, constructed, substantially as described, withescape-holes a, in

combination with the top casing, 0, arranged and operating as set forth.

7. The annular heating or'hot-blast chan1- ber 4, surrounding theair-mixing chamber 3, constructed and operating substantially in themanner and for the purposes specified.

8. The cap F, in combination with rods 1), for the purpose of securingthe cylinders D and E to the under side of the base-plate.

9. The valve P, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially asset forth, when in combination with the vapor-pipe h, the wholeoperating substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.

O. B. LOVELESS.

Witnesses:

J o. O. CLAYTON, V. C. CLAYTON.

